What type of elevator motor that is the best fit
An elevator motor is an electric motor which is used for up and down movements of elevator car. The elevator motors designed electric motors to ensure the rapid acceleration and retardation, the inertia of moving parts of the elevator motor must be kept as low as possible. Generally, the speed of the elevator motor should not exceed 900 RPM.
Now, based on different elevator services, following types of DC motors used −
- For passenger service – Either compound wound DC motors or DC shunt motors give satisfactory results.
- For freight service – In this service, compound wound DC motors are suitable. The series winding of the compound wound motor provides a high starting torque, which is an essential factor for heavy duty work.
Power Requirement of Elevator Motor
In order to determine the power required by an elevator motor for a given installation, following three factors are to be considered −
- Speed of elevator car
- Load (or net weight) to be hoisted
- Efficiency
AC Motors
The AC motor used as the elevator motor are asynchronous motor (or induction motor). The following are the two types of AC motors suitable for the elevator service −
- Squirrel Cage Motor − The squirrel cage motor used extensively in the elevator services up to about 20 HP. Because of its simplicity it used and it also requires relatively simple form of controller. However, the power consumption of squirrel cage motor is slightly more than that of the slip ring motor. But due to the absence of slip rings and fewer controller parts, it is somewhat more reliable.
- Slip Ring Motor − The slip ring induction motors used in the different elevator services. Although, the slip ring motor of same rating is more expensive. And it has a lower power factor than the squirrel cage induction motor. Slip ring motors of low speed type are now available. And it used successfully on elevators whose car speeds are as high as 400 ft./minute.
Elevator Control System
The elevator control system is employed for the speed control of elevator motors and is broadly classified into two types −
- Rheostatic control – In a rheostatic control system, a rheostat is included in the field and armature circuits of the motor and speed control is achieved by varying it.
- Variable voltage control – In a variable voltage control system, the input voltage applied to the lift motor is varied by some means and the speed control is achieved.
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